Laparotomy
What is laparotomy?
A laparotomy is a surgical incision into the abdominal cavity. This operation is performed to examine the abdominal organs and aid diagnosis. In many cases, the problem - once identified - can be fixed during the laparotomy. In other cases, another operation is required. Another name for laparotomy is abdominal exploration.
How is it done?
A laparotomy is performed under general anaesthesia. The surgeon makes a large, single cut through the skin and muscle of the abdomen, so that the underlying organs can be clearly viewed. The exposed organs are then carefully examined. Once diagnosed, the problem may be fixed on the spot (for example, a perforated bowel may be repaired). In other cases, a subsequent operation may be needed. Once the laparotomy is complete, the muscle of the abdominal wall and the overlying skin are sutured (sewn) closed.
Possible complications
Haemorrhage (bleeding)
Infection
Damage to internal organs
Formation of internal scar tissue (adhesions)
Bowel blockages or abdominal pain, which may be caused by adhesions.